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Cyrtandra rivularis

H.St.John & Storey (1950)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.5–2 m tall.

Stems: Stems many-branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–4 nodes. Those leaves of a pair unequal, asymmetrical, elliptic, occasionally broadly so, 6.3–21 cm long, 1.8–6.8 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate to attenuate. Upper surfaces sparsely to moderately appressed hirtellous; lower surfaces moderately to densely velvety short–pilose, the hairs rust–colored; thick, chartaceous. Margins serrulate to occasionally serrate. Lower surface with raised veins. Petioles 1.8–6.5 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 2–5 in umbelliform cymes arising in the leaf axils, occasionally along stems, short–pilose throughout, peduncles 14–32 mm long, pedicels 10–15 mm long, elongating to 15–25 mm long in fruit, bracts elliptic, distinct or occasionally connate, 8–15 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, greenish white when fresh(?), 8–12 mm long, enlarging up to ca. 15 mm long in fruit, cleft ⅓–1⁄2 its length, rarely slightly more, the lobes narrowly deltate, moderately to densely appressed short–pilose, glabrous within, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube subcylindrical, straight or curved, flaring slightly at mouth, 15–17 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter medially, moderately pilose, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly rhombic, ca. 3–4 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, lower lobes rhombic–orbicular, 5–5.5 mm long, 5–6 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous or rarely with a few scattered hairs, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 5–7 mm long, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid; 1.3–2 cm long; glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.5–0.6 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: (250–)520–670 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 20: 85 (1950)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:777 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 763 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
2 Cyrtandra rivularis Kaawa, W ridge Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 151 Oahu BISH 1931-04-12
3 Cyrtandra rivularis Punaluu, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 741 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
4 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 768 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
5 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 373 Oahu BISH 1908-12-24
6 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 330 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
7 Cyrtandra rivularis Punaluu, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 683 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
8 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 897 Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
9 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Range; Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 333 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
10 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 475 Oahu BISH 1908-12-24
11 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Growing on rock wall along the stream. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 155 Oahu BISH 1908-12-08
12 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 388 Oahu BISH 1908-12-24
13 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 920 Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
14 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-08-01
15 Cyrtandra rivularis Waiahole Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1919-12-01
16 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts, Kaluanui Valley Overhanging stream from rocky walls above the second waterfall Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 171 Oahu BISH 1931-07-04
17 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Waikane, Waikane-Schofield Trail Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. tall, fls. white. Fosberg, F.R. 8786 Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
18 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Kaluanui Valley, above 2nd waterfall rocky walls overhanging stream Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 188 Oahu BISH 1932-05-08
19 Cyrtandra rivularis Kaluanui Stream, Koolau Mts wet forest, steep rock bank above stream Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub, flower white; leaves above dark green, below pale green, raised veins St.John, H. 23373 Oahu BISH 1948-05-23
20 Cyrtandra rivularis Puu Ohulehule On slopes leading to summit. Preserved_Specimen Plant up to 2 meters tall. Flowers white. Plant has slightly golden glow. Davis, J. 100 Oahu BISH 1979-03-25
21 Cyrtandra rivularis Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 740 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
22 Cyrtandra rivularis Kaaawa, West ridge Preserved_Specimen Bush, 3 meters high. calex 5 lobed; 11 mm. tube 23 mm pubescent, 5 mm wide; overy white, 4 celled ripe seeds ½ ± mm. long, entire outside with rough lines running length-wise. Leave 10-19X 3-6 cm., pubescent with white below; dark green above; petiole 2-5 cm. Hume, E.P. 153 Oahu BISH 1931-04-12
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